Term coined by phsychologist Carl Gustav Jung, Individuation is for psychology what the Great Work is for Alchemy. In alchemy, the goal is the Philosophers Stone (lapis), and in Jungian terms, the goal is the Self, which has been called by many names: Deity, God, The All, The Creator, The Source, The One, etc. Basically, individuation is becoming yourself - it's becoming whole again.
Before we get to how to become whole again, we have to discuss how we got split.
Jung described the human psyche in two parts: The Conscious and The Unconscious. In the conscious we have the Persona (the mask you show everyday, mostly consists of positive traits) and The Ego (this is you). The Unconscious (what we're interested in) is made up of three parts:
1. The Shadow (what we will be mainly discussing now)
2. The Anima/Animus
3. The Self (the ultimate goal)
So, back to the question, how did we originally become split instead of whole? It's because of supressing specific traits about our selves because of external pressure.(friends, family, coworkers, etc.)
For example, you lived in a family where being spontaneous and outgoing was frowned upon. If you had exactly those traits, you would supress them, for the cause of not being punished or neglected.
The problem is that these traits (either positive or negative) don't just vanish when supressed. The question is, how do we recover these traits and heal ourselves? Let us see!